Memory
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Introduction
Memory is the storage of information. Registration is the first step of forming new memories, and is followed by encoding (medial temporal lobe & amygdala) and consolidation. Retrieval of memories uses frontal subcortical systems.
Types of memory
Declarative Memory
Declarative memories enter consciousness and can be verbalized. They can be formed after a single encounter. Examples include:
- episodic memories: events from one's life
- prefrontal cortex is important
- semantic memories: facts
- distributed in neocortex
Nondeclarative memory
Nondeclarative memories are largely unconscious and usualy require repetition for their strengthening. Examples include:
- procedural memory
- striatum and cerebellum
- perceptual memory
- emotional memory
- fear is learned in the amygdala
Short term memory
Long term memory
Information is best resgistered in long-term memory if it is closely related to the concepts already stored in the neural network. Linkages can then be effectively be created.
At times, new information will be significantly different than previous, leading to rewiring of memory.
If an association is only loose, there is risk that information will be stored, but will not be accessible when old topics are re-visited.
Episodic memory, which is more concerned with narrative or stories, is often more accessible than semantic memory. This has implications for learning, as lessons that are embedded within a story are more likely to be retained.
If facts are not comprehensible, they are unlikely to be stored.
Cellular mechanisms of memory
Memory is the product of neural plasticity and biochemical storage. Many mechanisms are used, though synapses appear to be a key site of memory in the brain.
Resources and References
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