Global Developmental Delay
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Introduction
Global developmental delay, also known as mental retardation, or intellectual disability, is defined by three components:
- significant impairment in intelligence (>2 SD) or IQ <70
- functional impairment in at least two categories: (adaptive, problem-solving, communications, academics, work leisure, health, safety)
- by age 18, suggesting developmental phenomenon
It affects 1% of the population, with males slightly more affected.
Ensure you are using language patients and families respond best to.
Mild: 2-3 SD below
Moderate: 3-4 SD
Severe: 4-5 SD
Profound: >5 SD
The Case of...
a simple case introducing clincial presentation and calling for a differential diagnosis. To get students thinking.
Causes and Risk Factors
Causes of GDD are many, and include:
genetic:
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prenatal
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perinatal
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childhood
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Other risk factors for mild GDD include low SES, parental neglect, teen pregnancy, or family violence.
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
- history
- physical exam
History
Physical Exam
Investigations
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
Lab Investigations
Diagnostic Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Treatments
The main goal of treatment is to enhance level of functioning, as well as to support parents.
Community-based treatment is preferred over institutionalization when preferred.
Education can be targeted at life skills, vocation, communication, and family dynamics.
Therapy can be individual or family, and is often targeted at disruptive behaviours.
Consequences and Course
Resources and References
Topic Development
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