- immune system biology
- signs and symptoms
- investigations
- conditions and diseases
- treatments
Section Links
Immunology Investigations
Markers of Inflammation
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - quick and dirty
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - more specific
- complement
Molecular Investigations
Autoantibody panels are often considered diagnostic, but they are much less specific than commonly believed.
Older people and those with malignancy, thyroiditis, or hypothyroidism can have high titres.
- rheumatoid factor
- anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
- anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) - Wegener's, microvascular polyangiitis
- extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)
- anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA)