Adhesive Capsulitis
- causes and risk factors
- signs, symptoms and diagnosis
- pathophysiology
- treatments
- consequences and course
- the patient
- health care team
- community involvement
- resources and references
Causes and Risk Factors
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Pathophysiology
Three stages
freezing (painful)
3-6 months
pain with active and passivr
frozen (adhesive)
4-6 months
thawing (recovery)
1-3 months
decreased pain
marked restriction
Treatments
Early gentle ROM exercises
modalities (heat)
NSAIDs
low dose TCAs (nortriptyline)
corticosteroid injection ?
manipulation under anesthesia or post-interscalene block - breaks up adhesions in frozen stage
Consequences and Course
Secquence of recovery
external rotation, abduction, internal rotation
usually a clinical diagnosis, but X rays can be useful to rule out secondary causes
The Patient
Health Care Team
Community Involvement
References