Hypocalcemia
last authored:
last reviewed:
Introduction
Hypocalcemia can be a medical emergency.
The Case of...
a simple case introducing clincial presentation and calling for a differential diagnosis to get students thinking.
Causes and Risk Factors
It can be caused by PTH disorders or by problems with vitamin D.
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
- history
- physical exam
History
Nervous and musculoskeletal systems
It can lead to paresthesias, neuromuscular irritability (cramps), tetany, laryngeospasm/broncheospasm, seizures, arrhythmias, , and congestive heart failure.
Physical Exam
Investigations
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
Lab Investigations
Diagnostic Imaging
ECG can show
- prolonged Q-T interval
Chronic calcium deficiency can lead to osteomalacia and osteoporosis.
Differential Diagnosis
Treatments
Pay attention to the airway and the ECG.
Consequences and Course
Cararacts, and soft tissue calcification.
Resources and References
Topic Development
created:
authors:
editors:
reviewers:
 |