Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- causes and risk factors
- signs, symptoms, and diagnosis
- pathophysiology
- treatments
- consequences and course
- the patient
- health care team
- community involvement
- resources and references
FSG has risen to include 25% of adult nephropathies. It is a clinical-pathological syndrome describing mulitple disease entities. Clinicially, there is proteinuria. Pathologically, focal segmental glomerular consolidation or scarring.
Causes and Risk Factors
Causes include:
- altered cellular immunity
- IV heroin use
- AIDS
- reaction to chronic proteinuria
- idiopathic
There may also be an association with obesity.
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
- history and physical exam
- physical exam
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
History and Physical Exam
Hypertension is a later presentation.
Physical Exam
Lab Investigations
Proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome are frequent presenting conditions, with hematuria later developing.
Diagnostic Imaging
Pathophysiology
Injury is caused by unknown entities in most cases, and inflammation ultimately leads to collagen scarring. Hyaline deposits can be seen in glomeruli.
Treatments
Treatment can include corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporin.
Dialysis and transplantation may also be needed.
Consequences and Course
Most people with FSGS develop chronic renal failure within 10 years.
The Patient
Health Care Team
Community Involvement
Resources and References