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Cervical Cancer
- causes and risk factors
- signs, symptoms, and diagnosis
- pathophysiology
- treatments
- consequences and course
- the patient
- health care team
- community involvement
- resources and references
Causes and Risk Factors
HPV is found in almost 100% of cases of cervical cancer. Genotypes 16 and 18 are the most substantial.
However, HPV itself is not sufficient to cause
HPV infection must become persistent, requiring immunologic permission. Cellular dysregulation leading to dysplasia and then invasive cancer requires co-carcinogens. These include:
- smoking
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
- history
- physical exam
- lab investigations
- diagnostic imaging
History
Physical Exam
Lab Investigations
Pap testing is one of the most effective means of picking up cancer or dysplasia.
HPV testing is very sensitive, but not specific. It can pick up dysplasia that would likely have resolved.
Diagnostic Imaging
IVP intravenous pyelogram is useful by takes approx. 1 hour
CXR for lung mets
Eua +/- cystoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
Staged clinically.
Pathophysiology
Treatments
Radiation is the number one treatment modality.
Consequences and Course
Cure of Stage 2B
The Patient
Health Care Team
Community Involvement
Resources and References