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Vitamins
Vitamins are broadly classified as being either water-soluble of fat-soluble.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
B12 - required for methoinine and isomerization of methylmalonyl CoA
Vitamin C: reducing agent (anti-oxidant) coenzyme in hydroxylation reactions
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
An acronym to remember fat soluble vitamins is ADEK.
Vitamin A:
- transported and stored in the liver
- carried to nucleus, where it controls growth, reproduction, epithelial cell maitenance, visual cycle
- cholecalciferol made form cholesterol in skin
- metabolized first in liver, then the kidney
- acts on the small intestine to induce expression of Ca binding protein
Vitamin E (tocopherol):
- antioxidant
- vegetable oils are rich in E
- principle role is the post-translational modification of of clotting factors: prothrombin, factors II VII, IX, and X.